Aphasia

Aphasia is caused by brain damage affecting the ability to express and/or understand speech. It can also affect reading and writing skills.

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Apraxia | Dysarthria

Dysarthria affects the muscles used in the production of speech, but does not affect the ability to understand language. Apraxia is characterized by having a hard time putting words together and formulating sentences.

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Voice Disorders

Voice disorders can be identified by challenges with the quality of the voice (e.g., breathiness, hoarseness), difficulty projecting the voice, losing the voice, difficulty with pitch, throat pain while talking, or chronic cough/throat clearing.

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Stuttering

Stuttering is characterized by sound prolongations, sound blocks, and/or repetitions of the same word, syllable or sound. Adults who stutter know what they want to say, but have a hard time saying the words. At this stage in life, persistent stuttering may impact an individual's employment opportunities, mental health, and relationships with others.

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Executive Functions (e.g. problem solving, attention, memory, etc.)

Executive functioning is a set of skills underlying the capacity to plan ahead and meet goals, display self-control, stay focused even with distractions, or follow multiple step instructions.

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Dysphagia

Dysphagia is defined as a difficulty with swallowing or an inability to swallow, usually caused by a conditions affecting the nervous system, cancer, or severe reflux.